Background of the study
Sustainable solid waste management is pivotal for environmental conservation and public health, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. In Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, increasing waste generation and inefficient disposal methods have raised concerns regarding environmental degradation and community health (Ibe, 2023). The study investigates current solid waste management practices, emphasizing recycling, waste reduction, and environmentally sound disposal techniques. Growing urban populations, industrial expansion, and inadequate infrastructure have exacerbated the solid waste crisis. Recent research advocates for integrated waste management systems that incorporate community participation, government regulation, and innovative technologies to optimize resource recovery and reduce environmental impacts (Ekor, 2024). Furthermore, the transition towards a circular economy model is gaining traction, prompting policymakers to reassess existing practices. This study critically examines the sustainability of current waste management approaches, aiming to identify gaps and recommend strategic improvements that align with environmental sustainability and public health objectives (Oke, 2023). The outcome is expected to guide future waste management policies and practices, thereby enhancing urban environmental quality.
Statement of the problem
Calabar South faces significant challenges in managing increasing volumes of solid waste due to inadequate infrastructure and inefficient disposal methods. Improper waste management has led to environmental pollution, public health risks, and resource wastage. The absence of effective recycling and waste reduction programs compounds these issues. Moreover, there is a lack of empirical data on the sustainability of current practices. This situation necessitates a comprehensive evaluation to determine gaps in the waste management system and identify opportunities for sustainable improvement (Ibe, 2023; Ekor, 2024).
Objectives of the study:
• To evaluate the effectiveness of current solid waste management practices in Calabar South.
• To assess the environmental and health impacts of existing waste disposal methods.
• To recommend sustainable waste management strategies.
Research questions:
• How effective are the current solid waste management practices in Calabar South?
• What environmental and public health impacts result from current waste disposal methods?
• What sustainable strategies can improve waste management in the area?
Research Hypotheses:
• H1: Inefficient waste management practices are significantly correlated with increased environmental pollution.
• H2: A lack of recycling initiatives exacerbates public health risks in Calabar South.
• H3: Implementing integrated waste management strategies will improve environmental quality.
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it provides insights into the sustainability of waste management practices in Calabar South, offering practical recommendations to policymakers and environmental managers. The findings aim to improve waste handling, reduce pollution, and protect public health, fostering sustainable urban development (Oke, 2023).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the evaluation of solid waste management practices in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State.
Definitions of terms:
• Solid Waste Management: The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials in an environmentally responsible manner.
• Sustainable Practices: Methods that meet current needs without compromising future environmental quality.
• Circular Economy: An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources.
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